Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
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چکیده
for old-age and survivors insurance to reach full maturi ty, it is still in its childhood. The number of beneficiaries today is only a fraction of the number who will be receiving benefits 1 0 or 1 5 years hence. Acceptance by employers and workers of the idea of social insurance protection for old people and survivors, however, has been little short of phenomenal. This general acceptance is the more remarkable because of widespread opposition to the idea of social insurance—even on the par t of organized labor until 1932—before the passage of the Social Security Act. I n preceding decades, moreover, there had been relatively little public demand for old-age and survivors in surance, though much general in terest in unemployment insurance. Wha t was probably the first public study of old-age dependency in this country, t h a t of the Massachusetts Commission on Old Age Pensions, Annuities, and Insurance, 1 9 0 8 0 9 , recommended against government protection for old people through either insurance or public assistance. The prevailing reason given by the commission was tha t lightening the obligation of children to provide for their parents would tend to destroy the ties between parent and child and promote the disintegration of the family. By the time the Social Security Act was passed, six more States had authorized studies of pensions and insurance, but only in Pennsylvania had a commission recommended the adoption of contributory insurance as a long-range measure. Before 1 9 3 5 , most of the pressure had been for State old-age "pensions" or assistance, on a needs basis, and for the Townsend Plan—flat payments to all old people. The former had resulted in enactment of old-age assistance laws by more than half the States; the latter, in an organized movement of old people which put great pressure on Congress. As early as 1 9 3 1 , however, President Roosevelt, then Governor of New York State, urged establishment of contributory old-age insurance in t ha t State, and in 1934 , in a message to Congress, he urged it for the Nation.
منابع مشابه
Workers Covered Jointly by Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and the Railroad Retirement Program, 1937–52
To determine the employment characteristics of workers covered jointly by old-age and survivors insurance and the railroad retirement program, a sample of the work histories from the Bureau of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and the Railroad Retirement Board has been analyzed. In the analysis the hypothesis has been developed that, as time progresses, virtually all railroad workers will at some...
متن کاملAfter Fifteen Years: A Report on Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
The 15 years since the old-age and survivors insurance system began operations have demonstrated that social insurance can be successfully applied to meet American needs for protection against the economic risks of death and old-age retirement in modern life. Belief by Congress in the soundness of social insurance was strikingly reaffirmed in the enactment, by nearly unanimous vote, of the 1950...
متن کاملPublic Assistance: Effect of the Increase in Current Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Benefits
The 1950 amendments to the Social Security Act made substantial changes in old-age and survivors insurance coverage and benefits. Of the new provisions that were effective September 1950, one—the increase in current insurance benefits—had an almost immediate effect on public assistance caseloads and expenditures, as reported in the following pages. A later article will summarize the impact on t...
متن کاملOld-Age Insurance Benefits, 1955
with respect to the proportion of oldage assistance recipients receiving old-age and survivors insurance. As the coverage of the insurance Program becomes virtually universal, this proportion will no doubt aPpreach loo percent. It will never reach it, however, because many individuals at the lowest economic levels (low-income farmers and migratory and occasional farm and domestic workers) will ...
متن کاملFinancing Basis of Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance and Health Insurance Under the 1967 Amendments
THE AMENDMENTS TO THE Social Security .1ct passed in 1967 (Public Law 90-248) made several changes in the old-age, survivors, disability, hospital, and supplementary medical insurance system.’ Some of these changes affected significantly the actuarial status of the system. The principles used to determine tile financing stability of the program were not altered, however. This article discusses ...
متن کاملOld-Age and Survivors Insurance: Retirement Test Experience
T HE old-age and survivors insurance program combines three types of protection for workers and their families-retirement protection for those between the ages of 65 and 75, annuities for those aged 75 or over, and survivor insurance, payable on the death of an insured worker at any age. The retirement test (or work clause) is applicable when the beneficiary is under age 75, both for retirement...
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تاریخ انتشار 2011